Heater



No. 620,'-2I2- Patented Feb. 28,1899. C. BARNHART.

HEATER.

(Applicatioxi led July 20, 1898.) (No "miem 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

Patented'Feb. 28, |899. C. BABNHAHT.

No. 620,2l2.

H E A T E R (Application :Bled July 20, 1,898.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(N0 Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

coENELIUsEAENHAET, oEwALKEE vALLEY, NEw YORK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 620,212, dated February28, 1899. Application fueaJuIy 20,1898. Seraing. 686,435. cromati.)

T0 all whom t Amay concern.-

Beit known that I, CoRNELIUs BARNHAET, a citizen of the United States,residing at Walker Valley, in lthevcounty of Ulster and State of NewYork, have invented new and useful Improvements in Heaters, of whichthel following is a specification. .Y

My invention relates to improvements in the 'construction of heatersapplicable to heatingstoves, furnaces, and analogous structures; and oneobject of theinvention is to provideV an improved construction by whicha large area of radiating-surface is produced in a compact structure,and to effect a thorough diffusion and distribution of the heat andproducts of combustion to the end that the latent energy in the escapingproducts may be utilized in the structure, whereby to obtain econ-V omyof fuel and increased radiation.

A further object of the invention is to provide a structure in which theseveral elements are adapted for ready assemblage inoperative relationone to the other, thus simplifying the construction and reducing thecost of manufacture.

With these ends in View the invention consists in the novelcombinationof elements and in the construction and arrangement of parts,which will be hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

To enable others to understand the invention, I have illustrated thepreferred embodiment thereof in the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specication, and in whichj Figure 1 is a perspective viewof a heatingstove embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectionalelevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a horizontal transverse sectional viewthrough the lower radiator-section of the heater. Fig. i is a horizontalsectional view through the upper radiating-section.

Like numerals of reference denote like and correspond ing parts in eachof the several iigures of the drawings. l n

ldesignates the Vbase, which sustains the tire-pot 2, the latter beingarranged to form the ordinary ash-pit below the grate 3. Above thisgrate is the combustion-chamber 4, and all these parts are of theordinary or any preferred construction.

l The base has an annular rim 6, which may be cast as an integral partof the base or be made separate therefrom for rigid union with the same,and this ring is flanged at 7 to form a recess adapted to receive thering or annulus 5.

The lower radiator-section 8 is cast in a single `piece of metal; and itconsists of a bottemplate 10, a top plate ll, a series of outer tubes12, yanother series of inner tubes 13, and a central tube 14 of largediameter. The tubes l2 and 13 are arranged in annular series between thetop and bottom plates of the radiator-section 8 and these tubes openthrough said plates 10 and 11, so that their lower ends are open for theingress of the products of combustion from the chamber 5 of the heater.The annular series of tubes 13 lie wit-hin the similar series of tubes12 and said inner tubes 13 are in staggered or alternate relation to thetubes 12, thereby exposing the inner tubes 13 inl the intervals betweenthe outer tubes 12. j The radiator-section 8 thus has a large metallicarea exposed for the radiation of heat, and as the entire area of thisradiatorsection is heated by the products of combustion passing andcirculating therethrough said section 8 is well adapted for the maximumvradiation of heat.' The base-plate 10 of this lower radiator-section isprovided with a depending annular iiange 15, which is arranged asuitable distance within the edge thereof, so that the iiange will litupon the upper edge of the base-ring 5, so as to rest firmly thereon.The upper plate 11 of this lower radiator-section has an integralperipheral flange 16, that forms a seat for the upper radiator-sectionto be presently described, and said lower radiator-section isfurthermore provided at the rear side thereof with a smoke-pipe 17, thatterminates in a nipple 18, the latter being provided with a damper 19for cutting off the v draft from the heater to the smoke-pipe whendesired. If deemed advisable, this cut-oft damper 19 may be placed inthe smoke-exit pipe between the connection of the latter to theheater-nipple 18 and the thimble in the chimney.

The upper radiator-section 2O is cast in a single piece of metal; and itconsists of abottom plate 21, a top plate 22, a single series -of tubes23, and a large central tube 24. -The circulating tubes 23 are arrangedin annular series between the top and bottom plates of this upperradiator-section, so as to open through said plates, and these tubes 23are of larger cross-sectional area than the tubes 12 or 13 of the lowerradiator-section. The bottom plate 21 of the upper radiator-section isprovided with a peripheral flange 25, and with an annular flange 26,which lies within and is concentric to the flange 25, so as to form anannular recess or space 27 on the lower face of said radiator-section,whereby the radiator-section 2O may be seated snugly upon the lowerradiatorsection 8. The upper plate 22 of the upper radiator-section 2Ohas a peripheral flange 28, which forms a seat for the cap-plate 32 ofthe heater, and said radiator-section 2O is furthermore provided with asmoke-exit pipe 29, which is adapted to aline or coincide with thesmoke-pipe 17 of the lower radiator-section 8, the upper end of saidsmoke-pipe 29 opening into or communicating with the circulating-chamberformed within the cap-plate 32. The base-rim shell 5 is cast in a singlepiece of metal and provided with the slots or openings 31, which may beclosed by mica-covered doors. The cap-plate 32 has a central fuelopening33, adapted to be closed by a cover 34.

In assembling the parts or castings of the heater the base-ring 5 isfitted to the seat 7 of the lire-pot, and the lower radiator-section 8is fitted upon the base-ring. The upper radiator-section 2O must beassembled in a peculiar relation to the lower radiator-section 8-that isto say, the annular series of tubes 23 must occupy vertical positionsout of alinement with the two lower series of tubes 12 and 13 of thelower radiator-section 8. The large central tube 24 of the upperradiatorsection registers with the large central tube 14, and thesmoke-exit pipe 29 couples with the smoke-exit pipe 17. By superposingthe upper radiator-section upon the lower radiator-section for theflanges 25 26 ofthe former to receive the flange 16 of the latter theplates 11 and 21 of the lower and upper radiator-sections S 20,respectively, are caused to form a smoke-chamber 35 between theradiator-sections 8 and 20. Into this smokechamber 35 discharge the twolower series of tubes 12 land 13 of the lower radiator-section, and theproducts of combustion are caused to circulate in this chamber untilthey find their exit through the single series of tubes 23 of the upperradiator-section.

By constructing the lower radiator-section with the two series of tubesarranged one within the other and in staggered relation to each other,by employing a single series of tubes in the upper radiator-section oflarger cross-sectional area than the lower series of tubes and arrangingthe upper series of tubes out of vertical alinement with said lowertubes, and by interposing a circulating spaceor chamber between theupper andlower tubes the heat and products of combustion are preventedfrom circulating directly through the heater. On the contrary,theproducts of combustion are diused or broken up, so as to pursue thetortuous or irregular course through the heater, thereby utilizing thelatent heat in the escaping products to the best advantage. The twoseries of tubes of the lower radiator-section and the single series oftubes of the upper radiator-section, as well as certain parts of eachradiator-section, are all exposed to view and to the circulation of air,while the products of combustion are caused to circulate through saidtubes and the sections 8 20, thus securing a very large surface for theefficient radiation of heat. rlhe central tubes 14 and 24of the tworadiator-sections communicate directly one with the other, and the lowertube 14 opens into the fire-pot. rlhe upper tube 24 is accessiblethrough the central opening 33 in the cap-plate for the introduction offuel into the heater, and the alined tubes 14 and 24 are adapted toreceive the fuel, so as to constitute a magazine for supplying the fuelto the fire-pot.

It will be understood that my improved heater may be used for burningdifferent kinds of fuel-such as wood, coal, coke, &c.-al though it isespecially designed for consuming coal. The heater when embodied in theform of a stove, as represented by Fig. l, may be finished in anyornamental manner; but the principle of the invention is applicable tothe construction of furnaces and analogous structures.

IOO

In kindling a lire in the heater the damper in the exit-pipe leading tothe chimney should be opened to maintain a draft through the heater andpermit the smoke to escape directly to the chimney. rlhe smoke andproclucts of combustion pass through the tubes 12 and 13,circulate inthe chamber 35, and thence pass upwardly through the [lues or tubes 23into the chamber of the cap-plate 32, after which the products ofcombustion pass downwardly through the pipes 29 17 and out through theexit-pipe. When the fire is well started, the damper should be closed,and the heat is caused to circulate through all the ues and theradiator-sections into the chamber of the cap-plate 32. The greaterpercentage of heat is radiated by the sections 8 20.

Although I have shown and described my radiator-sections as constructedand adapted for use in a heater embodying the elements necessary for afuel-consuming heater,l would have it understood that the principle ofthe radiator-section may be used in other structures wherein steam, hotair, and other gaseous heating media may be introduced into theradiator-sections and caused to circulate through such sections for thepurpose of heating air.

Changes may be made in the form of some of the parts, while theiressential features are retained and the spirit of the invention IIOembodied. Hence I do not desire to be limited to the precise form of allthe parts, as shown, reserving the right to vary therefrom.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim isl. In a heater, thecombination with a firepot and combustion-chamber, of a lowerradiator-section provided with annular series of tubes arranged instaggered relation to each other and communicating directly with thecombustion-chamber, a circulating-chamber into which the flues of thelower radiator-section discharge, an upper radiator-section providedwith a series of circulating-tubes arranged out of vertical alinementwith the tubes of the lower radiator-section and communicating with thecirculating-chamber and an outlet for the products of combustion,substantially as described.

2. In a furnace, a lower radiator-section having the upper and lowerplates and the annular series of tubes or lues which are connected tosaid plates and are arranged in staggered relation to have the innerseries of tubes exposed in the intervals between the outer series oftubes, combined with an upper radiatorsection superposed upon the lowerradiator-section having a lower' plate arranged to form with the upperplate of the lower section an intermediate circulatingchamber and saidupper radiator-section provided with a single series of tubes which areof larger cross-sectional area than either of the tubes of the lowerradiator-section and lie out of vertical alinement therewith, and anoutlet for the products of combustion, substantially as described.

3. In a heater, the combination with a firepot, of a lowerradiator-section provided with annular series of tubes around a magazinetube-section, an upper radiator-section superposed upon the lowerradiator-section to form therewith the circulating-chamber and having amagazine tube-section surrounded by a series of circulating-tubes whichare out of vertical alinement with the corresponding tubes of the lowerradiator-section, a rim or shell on which the lower radiator-section ismounted, and an outlet for the products of combustion, substantially asdescribed.

4. A heater consisting of a base having a fire-pot, a lowerradiator-sectionv having the annular series of tubes joined to the topand bottom plates thereof and with the top plate Iianged peripherally toform a seat, an upper radiator-section with a single series of tubesconnecting the top and bottom plates thereof and with the bottom plateflanged to fit upon the top plate of the lower radiator-section and formtherewith an intermediate circulatingchamber, a rim or shell upon whichis mounted the lower radiator-section, a magazine arranged centrallywithin the radiator-sections, and a smoke-exit pipe joined to theradiatorsections and communicating with the chamber formed by acap-plate, substantially as described.

5. In a sectional heater, a radiator-section embracing a plurality ofexposed tubes arranged in multiple series, in different vertical planes,with the tubes of one series in staggered relation to the tubes of anadjacent series, combined with another radiator-section superposed uponthe rst-named radiator-section and having a series of tubes in differentplanes from the tubes of said lower,

section, substantially as described.

6. In a sectional heater having its sections adapted for the circulationof a gaseous heating media, a section having a multiple series of tubesarranged in series and in staggered relation, and another sectionsuperposed upon the first-named section and with its tubes in differentvertical planes from the tubes of the lower section; said sectionsforming a circulating-chamber at their contiguous ends and all of thetubes exposed for the circulation of air, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixedmy signature in the presence of two witnesses.

CORNELIUS BARNHART.

Witnesses:

JOHN MANGELS', EMMETT FRANTZV.

